A Segmentation Fault typically manifests in a running program when it attempts to access memory that it doesn’t have permission for or is not allocated. This can occur due to reasons such as dereferencing null pointers, accessing out-of-bounds array indices, or incorrect use of system calls. The operating system detects this violation and sends a signal (SIGSEGV) to the process. If the process does not handle this signal, it terminates abnormally, often leaving a core dump file for post-mortem analysis.
